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In 1169, the Anglo-Normans landed in southeast Ireland.
By 1173, they'd built a fortress at Kilkenny — which in that year a local clan raided and overtook. By 1192, the Normans had returned. In that year, they either put up another "motte-and-bailey" enclosure, or began the construction of the permanent stone castle, which they had completed by the 1220's. |  |
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From the Anglo-Normans' arrival until my first visit....
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At 5:30 a.m. on the 2nd of May, a motley crew of armed citizens breached the castle....
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During the early part of the 1900's, the Butler family fortune began to decline....
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