Factoring exploitation

Employers act differently when they know that a worker lacks alternative.

"Exploitation" is a strong word. It implies conscious behavior. When a worker has too few rights, it's just a natural tendency.

First, if you're not allowed to work, you can't just get paid. You are less valuable because paying you is a risk.

How to exploit Romanians and Bulgarians in Ireland 2008....

An employer is naturally going to want to regain certain advantages. The relationship is at basis an exchange.

There's not much good to say about a system of national borders that always generates exploitation of human labor.